Gender Differences and miRNAs Expression in Cancer: Implications on Prognosis and Susceptibility

MicroRNAs are small, noncoding molecules of about twenty-two nucleotides with crucial roles in both healthy and pathological cells. Their expression depends not only on genetic factors, but also epigenetic mechanisms like genomic imprinting inactivation X chromosome females that influence a sex-dependent manner onset, progression, response to therapy different diseases cancer. There is evidence correlation between miRNAs, sex, cancer solid tumors hematological malignancies; as an example, lymphomas, prevalence rate higher men than women, miR-142 “silenced” because its hypermethylation by DNA methyltransferase-1 it blocked normal activity regulating the migration cell. This condition corresponds clinical practice more aggressive tumor. In addition, treatment can have advantages from evaluation miRNAs expression; fact, estrogens hepatocellular carcinoma determines upregulation oncosuppressors miR-26a, miR-92, miR-122 and, consequently, apoptosis. The aim this review present exhaustive collection scientific data possible role sex differences through which cancerogenesis, autophagy, apoptosis cells diverse types tumors.